The goal of the present study was to evaluate the protein contents and polypeptides of peanut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Giza 5 and Giza 6) under the influence of fusilade and basagran herbicides. The role of salicylic acid (SA) for alleviation the toxicity of herbicides was evaluated. After two weeks of treatments, the protein composition and polypeptides of peanut leaves compared to the control plants were analyzed. The results showed that increase concentrations of fusilade and basagran caused an increase in the insoluble and total protein contents of both leaf peanut cultivars. In contrast, the soluble protein of both cultivars showed variable contents depended on the herbicide concentration and cultivars. Spraying or mixed 1 mM of salicylic acid with 1.5 recommended field dose (FD) of fusilade or basagran herbicides treated plants increased leaf total protein contents of peanut Giza 6 cultivar (G6) while that of Giza 5 cultivar (G5) was unaffected. The changes occurred in the polypeptides of G5 cultivar due to fusilade resulted in disappearance polypeptides of 14, 41 and 42 kDa and appearance a polypeptide of 32 kDa. In case of G6 cultivar, fusilade and basagran caused formation of polypeptides of 14 and 28 kDa. Basagran decreased the band intensity of most polypeptides in G5 cultivar but increased it in G6 cultivar compared with that of the control. The polypeptide of 41 kDa was highly accumulated with the interaction treatment of SA and herbicides.