This study was conducted on privately-owned dairy farms in Al-Anbar Province, Iraq, from July 2023 to January 2024. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of timed artificial insemination (TAI) on the calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and conception rate at first service (CRFS) compared to artificial insemination (AI) based on oestrus detection. A total of 40 cows, selected between 60 and 80 days postpartum, were divided into three groups. The control group (n= 20) untreated cows that received AI at the first detected oestrus according to routine a.m./p.m. breeding rule. The treated cows (n = 20) were equally distributed between the G7G protocol [PGF_2α -4d-GnRH-7d-GnRH-7d-PGF_2α-1d-PGF_2α-1d-GnRH, and TAI after 16-24h] and the eCG Protocol [eCG-7d-GnRH-7d-PGF_2α-1d-PGF_2α-1d-GnRH, and TAI after 16-24h]. Transrectal ultrasound confirmed the pregnancy on days 30-35 post-insemination. The average days of CI and DO for the control [430 and 150], respectively, were significantly longer compared to both treated groups [G7G (372 and 92) and eCG Protocol (386.2 and 88.2), P<0.01], respectively. The overall CRFS showed a significant difference across all groups [45%, P≤0.05]. Separately, the CRFS for control cows differed significantly compared to both treated protocols [25% vs. G7G (70%) and eCG (60%), P≤0.05], respectively. However, CRFS between the treated groups did not differ significantly. In summary, the TAI eliminates the need for oestrus detection and enhances reproductive fertility earlier in the postpartum period, resulting in shorter CI and DO.