363548

Synthesis, Evaluation, and Application of a Novel Antioxidant Emulsifier Utilizing Mango Kernel Oil, Gluconic Acid, and Quercetin

Article

Last updated: 25 Feb 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Food Chemistry

Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop a new emulsifier that possesses antioxidant properties and is prepared from naturally occurring compounds. The emulsifier was synthesized by combining oleic acid, gluconic acid, and quercetin. Mango kernel was chosen as a source of oleic acid due to its cost-effectiveness and high oleic acid content. The process involved grinding and drying the kernels, followed by extracting the oil using a Soxhlet device. The extracted oil was further examined to determine its physical and chemical properties, as well as its fatty acid composition. After that, the oil was hydrolysed, producing a mixture of free fatty acids and glycerine, which were then separated from each other. Oleic acid was extracted individually in pure form from the fatty acid mixture using a supercritical CO2 extractor at 28.0 MPa, 313 K. And it was confirmed according to its physical, chemical and spectral characteristics. Oleic acid was then converted to 9-hydroxyoctadecanoyl chloride, followed by its reaction with quercetin and gluconic acid through several steps to produce a novel antioxidant emulsifier known as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl9-((2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoyl)oxy)octa-decanoate or as chromenyl gluconyl octadecanoate for simplification. The structures of all prepared compounds were elucidated according to their elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). The radical scavenging activity of the newly prepared compound was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS methods, as well as lipid oxidation in sunflower oil with a Rancimat apparatus. The results indicated good antioxidant activity. The compound's surface-active properties and emulsion stability were tested, soy lecithin was used as a reference compound, and the results indicated its efficacy as a surfactant. Albino mice were used for an acute oral toxicity test, with subsequent examination of their liver and kidney functions. The results indicated no significant changes, confirming the safety of the prepared compound. The newly prepared antioxidant emulsifier was used to produce a blend fat spread. This is a typical example of how it can be used. The texture and sensory properties of the spread were evaluated, and the results showed that the properties of the blend fat spread were significantly improved with the use of new antioxidant emulsifier

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2024.295302.9816

Keywords

racemate, acid value, emulsifier, Acute toxicity, blended fat spread

Authors

First Name

Hanaa

Last Name

Soliman

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Oils and Fats Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Institute. National Research Centre, Dokki. Giza. Egypt.

Email

chemist_hanaa@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-7758-3422

Volume

68

Article Issue

3

Related Issue

53789

Issue Date

2025-03-01

Receive Date

2024-06-06

Publish Date

2025-03-01

Page Start

681

Page End

702

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_363548.html

Detail API

http://journals.ekb.eg?_action=service&article_code=363548

Order

363,548

Type

Original Article

Type Code

297

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Synthesis, Evaluation, and Application of a Novel Antioxidant Emulsifier Utilizing Mango Kernel Oil, Gluconic Acid, and Quercetin

Details

Type

Article

Created At

25 Feb 2025