Background: Obesity, which is linked to dietary habits contributes to a number of metabolic disorders. Edible fixed oils viz., olive, soybean, and pumpkin seed oils are known to have a huge impact on human overall health .However, very limited work was reported about their epigenetic role in obesity and related health risks.

MiR-143p is one of the modulators involved in the regulation of adipose tissue function and adipose tissue formation (adipogenesis).

Aims: To evaluate the MiR-143p expression level changes and potential anti-obesity protective effects mediated by olive , soybean , and pumpkin seed oils intake ;to identify their chemical constitutions by GC/MS analysis ; and to explore the physiological activities of their biochemical composition on primary metabolic organs through metabolomic analysis .

Material and methods: We investigated the effect of olive ,soybean, and pumpkin seed oils on the changes of total body weight, serum glucose ,lipid profile ,and subcutaneous adipose tissue MiR-143p expression levels in H.F.D induced obese rats . The preparation of unsaponifiable and saponifiable matters of the three edible fixed oils was carried out then the analysis by GC/MS technique. These edible oils were subjected to a metabolomics analysis. Moreover , the cytotoxicity of the oils and their isolated fractions have been evaluated on several human cell lines.

Results :Oil consumption did not reduce weight gain induced by high-fat feeding among treated groups. However, a significant improving effect was observed in serum glucose level and lipid profile in response to 1ml soybean and 0.5 and 1 ml pumpkin seed oil treatments Moreover the expression levels of miR-143p in the subcutaneous adipose tissue down-regulated 0.5 to 1.1 fold in soybean and pumpkin seed oils treated groups when compared to H.F.D. The major compounds of unsaponifiable matters of olive oil, soybean oil, and pumpkin oil are squalene (83.98 %), β-sitosterol (31.8%), and γ-sitosterol (42.27 %) respectively. While in saponifiable matters, the main contents are oleic acid (71.88 %) in olive oil but linoleic acid in pumpkin oil (63.25 %) and soya bean (54.02 % ).

Conclusion: Both soybean and pumpkin seed oils alter expression of miR-143p in the subcutaneous fat of high-fat diet-induced obese rats, and might contribute to the regulated expression of adipocyte genes involved in obesity and associated health problems.