Rabbits reared for meat in industrial farms exhibit the highest rates of antimicrobial usage compared to other food-producing animals. E. coli is principally responsible for neonatal and post-weaning colibacillosis in rabbits, which is frequently accompanied by enteritis and diarrhea.
A total of 300 rectal swabs  were obtained  from diarrheic  live  newly  weaned (30 - 40 days old) Newzeland white rabbits from 3 farms from different localities    in Shakira  province, which suffered from diarrhea, high morbidity and mortality rates. Bacteriological isolation of E.  coli from diarrheic weaned rabbits, Biochemical and Serological identification of isolated strains as well as detection of some virulence genes in isolated strains, antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of isolated strains, assessment of the efficacy of silver nanoparticles on E. coli isolates, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) To determine the influence of the silver nanoparticles on the morphology of E. coli. Experimental modelling in E. coli free rabbits.
The   allover   incidence   of E. coli isolation from rabbits with diarrhea was 28.33% (85/300).
Serotypes of the isolated E. coli strain were O stereotype in order of frequency  O158,  O128, O125,  O18,  O119,  O148  and untypable  (25%,     15%,  20,10%, 10%, 5% and 15 %  isolates respectively). E. coli isolates were highly resistance to Ampicillin (AM) (83.3%; 70/85), Cefoxitine (CF) (60%; 51/85), Sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (56.5%; 3156/85), chloramphincol (CHI) (57.7% ;56/85), Kanamycin (KAN) and Streptomycin (S) (41/85; 48.8%).Hundred percent ( 6|6) of tested E. coli isolates carry eaeA  gene, while 66.7 %( 4/6) of the tested E. coli isolates were positive to tsh gene. The MIC50 of AgNPs-H2O2 was 0.625 μg/mL against E. coli. Electron microscopy scanning (SEM) was utilized to determine the differences in bacterial morphology after application of the of AgNPs-H2O2at 1 MIC and 2 MIC concentrations. Significant alterations (exhibited varying degrees of distortion) in the morphology of treated cells. Experimental infection results revealed that the nanotechnology-treated group exhibited a reduction in bacterial load and clinical signs, indicating potential treatment efficacy.