Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biological macromolecule belongs to a class of polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans/mucopolysaccharides, a linear polysaccharide consist of repeating disaccharide unites. In the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, HA has a wide range of uses. It is used in a variety of medical applications such as osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, cancer treatment, ophthalmology (aiding in eye surgery), wound healing, ageing processes, cosmetics and tissue engineering applications. HA has also recently been investigated as a drug delivery agent for a variety of routes including nasal, oral, pulmonary, ocular, topical and parenteral. HA can be produced by different methods such as physical, chemical and biological methods. Microorganisms have been used to produce HA, and this process has long been researched. The production of HA is enhanced by genetic engineering technique and optimizing the nutritional and environmental parameters of the fermentation medium. The aim of this review is to high light on the different strategies for HA production