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347282

Environmentally Friendly Chemical Modification of Four Wood Species by Glycerol–Maleic Anhydride Treatment: Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Assessment

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

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Subjects

-

Tags

Forestry and environmental technology

Abstract

This research aimed to assess the improvements in dimensional stability and resistance to wood decay by treating the wood with a solution of glycerol–maleic anhydride mixture (GLY-MA) without a catalyst, at four concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%), followed by heat treatment at 170 °C for 4 h. Four wood species were selected for property testing: two locally grown in Egypt, namely Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima, heartwood) and Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens, sapwood), and two imported species, European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), both heartwood. The treatment conditions reported here proved the effectiveness in enhancing the stabilization against water absorption for all four wood species. All four concentrations improved dimensional stability, with the highest improvement observed with the 25% treatment for all wood species. Although the treatments had a slight effect on decreasing compressive strength and hardness, a clear significant difference was observed at a concentration of 25% compared to untreated samples. The hardness at a 25% concentration was 4434.7 N, 2440 N, 5220 N, and 1440 N for Tree of heaven, Cypress, Beech, and Spruce, respectively. Across all species studied, the use of the four concentrations demonstrated a shift in wood resistance against white rot and brown rot fungi from non-resistant to moderately resistant. Therefore, in terms of cost-effectiveness, it is recommended to use the low concentration, 10% to enhance decay resistance, as this concentration effectively achieves the desired outcome without the need for higher concentrations, in addition to being environmentally friendly.
 

DOI

10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2024.347282

Keywords

Hygroscopicity, White rot fungi, hardness, Compression parallel to grain, Chemical modification

Authors

First Name

Khaled

Last Name

Hassan

MiddleName

T. S.

Affiliation

Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Alexandria, Egypt

Email

khaledtaha85@gmail.com

City

Alexandria

Orcid

0000-0001-9551-5856

First Name

Ibrahim

Last Name

Kherallah

MiddleName

E. A.

Affiliation

Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wood Technology Department

Email

kherallah2148@gmail.com

City

Alexandria

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahmed

Last Name

S.O. Mohareb

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Email

ahmed_mohareb@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Heba

Last Name

Abdallah

MiddleName

M. M.

Affiliation

Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wood Technology Department.

Email

hebaforest@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

45

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

45054

Issue Date

2024-03-01

Receive Date

2024-02-20

Publish Date

2024-03-30

Page Start

107

Page End

116

Print ISSN

1110-0176

Online ISSN

2536-9784

Article File

ASEJAIQJSAE_Volume 45_Issue 1_Pages 107-116.pdf

PDF . 527.9kB

Link

https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/article_347282.html

Detail API

https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=347282

Order

11

Type

Original Article

Type Code

53

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal

Publication Link

https://asejaiqjsae.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Environmentally Friendly Chemical Modification of Four Wood Species by Glycerol–Maleic Anhydride Treatment: Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Assessment

Details

Type

Article

Created At

23 Dec 2024