Mathematics teachers play a crucial role in identifying and addressing the challenges encountered by
students, particularly during the primary stage. These challenges may vary in complexity and persistence
but are indispensable for students to grasp mathematical concepts, arithmetic, and numerical reasoning,
and proficiently execute mathematical operations. The pivotal role of mathematics teachers in diagnosing
these challenges cannot be overstated, as it significantly contributes to students' success in mathematics.
Regrettably, there is often minimal official attention given to this issue, resulting in students dropping out
of education and impeding societal progress. This research endeavors to shed light on the spectrum of
difficulties faced by primary school students, their underlying causes, and the indispensable role of
mathematics teachers in diagnosing and addressing these challenges. The findings of this study
unequivocally demonstrate that while certain challenges manifest in the first grade and dissipate in
subsequent grades, others persist and escalate in complexity compared to previous years.