The present study aimed to determine floristic composition, vegetation cover of different communities in Wadi AlFurayshah, Saudi Arabia, and highlighting the ecological factors that affect species distribution. A total of 26 plant species were collected and identified to be distributed among four plant communities: Ziziphus nummularia, Panicum turegidum, Acacia gerardii, and Haloxylon salicornicum. The main factors influencing plant presence were soil texture, CaCO₃, Na, Mg, Ca, Cl, EC, pH and organic matter content. The majority of the registered species in this survey were perennials with 16 of the total recorded species (61.54%), followed by annuals by 10 species (38.46%).