The main target for the present work is to study how to prevent the turbocharged diesel engine from the very dangerous problem of compressor surge. Different controllers to broaden the region of stable operation of the compressor, and thus, improve diesel engine performance were investigated. In the first, a simple model for the turbocharger with the diesel engine is created out. This model includes nine states, which represents the different subsystem components: air filter, intake manifold, intercooler, exhaust manifold, exhaust system, exhaust gas recirculation, compressor and turbine. Effects of each system components on the engine performance have been investigated. The second part, investigates the compressor surge phenomenon, its dangerous on the diesel engine stability and range of stable flow operation. Also, different techniques to suppress or for controlling the surge phenomenon and increase of the range of stable operation of the compressor were carried out. These techniques are the changes of engine intake manifold volume, throttle gain, auxiliary plenum, closed coupled valve and bleed valves. Comparisons of the present theoretical results with the available previous experimental and theoretical results were carried out. The results show that the required power for the compressor was increased by increasing the losses through the air filter and the intake manifold. The engine volumetric efficiency and the output power are increased by increasing the intake manifold pressure. With increasing the residual gas fraction, both the exhaust manifold temperature and the engine output power decrease. Decreasing the volume of the engine intake manifold increases the engine stability. The throttle valve with new gain as a controller improved the compressor range of stable operation by about 33% and about 15.4% improvement in pressure coefficient at low flow rate. Use the closed-coupled control valve as a controller for compressor surge gives an enhancement in compressor stable flow range of about 25 %, and 10.8% in pressure coefficient. While, the auxiliary plenum and the bleed valves give improvement in surge point about 20% and 16% respectively. The present work shows good agreement in comparison of available experimental data from the previous investigations