INTRODUCTION: Bone defects in the human mandible are common. They are mostly determined by premature loss of teeth due to periodontal disease or traumas. They usually cause reduction of alveolar bone volume, which becomes inconsequence, inadequate for standard treatments with Osseo integrated implants. The predictability of the implant survival and the maintenance of long-term stability of implants in function are directly associated with the quality and quantity of the available bone for implant placement. In the case of alveolar ridges with insufficient bone volume vertical, horizontal or sagittal inter-maxillary relationships, additional surgical procedures can be necessary to reconstruct and augment the deficiency. Bone block graft is the preferred method for many types of augmentation procedures, since it secures both a source of osteogenic cells and a rigid structure for mechanical support. In addition, bone block graft conserves its volume better than particulate grafting. OBJECTIVES: This study provides a clinical, radiographic, analysis of the use of mandibular ramus block autografts for vertical alveolar ridge augmentation. The suitability of the bone will be harvested to provide sufficient bone volume to facilitate implant insertion at a second stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 12 patients with age ranged from20-50 years seeking implantation of their lost posterior mandibular teeth, and have limited bone height. Patients were selected on the basis of history, clinical examination and radiographic examination using panoramic radiography and CBCT. RESULTS: in this study 10 patient out of 12 showed successful vertical bone augmentation with autogenous bone graft harvested from the ramus of the mandible with 83.33% success rate. CONCLUSIONS: using ramus autogenous bone graft in augmentation of vertical bone defects in the posterior area of the mandible has significant success.