The present investigation was conducted at Bahteem Agricultural Research Station ARC During 2018 and 2019 summer seasons. One cycle of pedigree selection method was applied on a segregation population of sesame in the F₃ and F₄ generations to improve seed yield. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters, genetic variability, heritability, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance from selection. These results showed that the parent (2) was the earliest in flowering and physiological maturity. Also, plant height showed that the tallest plant in parent (5). Also, number of capsules per plant showed that the parent (5) was the heaviest. 1000 seed weight was recorded in parent (6), seed weight per plant. The highest oil content was obtained by parent (4). The population (3) was the earliest in flowering and physiological maturity in F₄, plant height showed that the tallest plant in population (4). Number of capsules per plant showed that the population (7) was the heaviest in 1000 seed weight in population (5), seed weight per plant showed that the highest value was obtained by population (4). The highest oil content was obtained by population (12). Highly heritability coupled with high genetic advance from selection was recorded from number of capsules/plants, and seed weight/plant. Indicated additive gene effects of these traits could be improved by selection.  Hence selection for these traits in expected to be effective.