This study aims to identify the degree of participation of rural women in the social, economic. and political activities in Fayoum Governorate. This study was conducting by evaluating factors that influence the degree of participation of rural women in these activities. Also, the main problems that prevent the participation of rural women in social economic and political development were estimated. The Centers of Etsa and Abshwai were chosen from among the governorate centers. From each center, two villages were chosen randomly. The questionnaire was used as a key tool for data collection and different statistical methods were used to achieve the objectives of the study. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the degree of participation of the respondents in the political activities and the following variables: size of the family, size of agricultural tenure, cultural openness and leadership status. There was a significant correlation between the social participation variable and the marital status variables and the educational status. The most important problem facing rural women and hindering their progress in achieving social, economic and political development is the low level of health awareness of women (77.9%) of the respondents. From the point of view of the respondents it can be concluded that, the most important proposals for the solution are the interest in education and literacy programs for rural women of the total number of respondents.