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Combined Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and H2S Ameliorated the Neurodegenerative Changes in Parkinson’s Disease: Implication of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

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Last updated: 03 Jan 2025

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Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age-related motor neurodegenerative disease. Current therapeutic modalities for PD are directed at controlling the motor symptoms to slow disease progression, while no exact therapy exists to repair the immient neuronal damage. Despite the involvement of exosomes in the pathogenesis of PD, they serve as a promising therapeutic tool. Exosomes can restore the homeostasis of oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and cell apoptosis. Although H2S is involved in the pathogenesis of PD, it has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic neuroprotective effects, giving hope for the role of this gaseous molecule in PD therapy. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of exosomes and/ or H2S-donor (NaHS) on PD, through modulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and to compare their combined effect with the standard treatment, L-DOPA. Methods: This study was conducted on forty-eight female white albino rats divided equally into 6 groups: control group, Parkinson group induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 3 Parkinson groups treated with either L-DOPA, exosomes, or H2S-donor (NaHS), and Parkinson group treated with both exosomes and NaHS. The following parameters were assessed in the rat brain tissues: gene expression of Nrf2, Keap1, α-synuclein, and miRNA-141, protein levels of PI3K, AKT, Dopamine, TNF-α and caspase-3. GSH and MDA levels were also measured. In addition, behavioral function tests and histo-pathological examination of rat brain tissues were also performed. Results: In the Parkinson group, there was a significant deficit in behavioral functions, along with down-regulation of the Nrf2 gene and its downstream antioxidant GSH, and increased levels of the lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA. Also, there was increased neuro-inflammation as evidenced by increased levels of TNF-α with decreased levels of the neurotransmitter Dopamine. Moreover, there was increased gene expression of Keap-1, miRNA-141, and α-synuclein associated with decreased levels of AKT, PI3K and increased caspase-3 levels. On the other hand, all treated groups, especially the combined exosomes and H2S donor-treated group, significantly reversed the deteriorating impacts of 6-OHDA on rat brains, as evidenced by the improvement of the behavioral dysfunction and the histopathological picture, which agrees with the biochemical and molecular findings of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: These data suggest that combined exosomes and H2S-donor could be considered as a potential and effective line for treating PD.

DOI

10.21608/eajbsc.2022.266863

Keywords

Parkinson's disease, Neurodegeneration, exosomes, H2S donor, L-dopa

Authors

First Name

Mai

Last Name

Samir

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

Email

mai.samir78@yahoo.com

City

Cairo

Orcid

-

First Name

Noha

Last Name

Ibrahim

MiddleName

E.

Affiliation

Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Email

nohaelsayed855@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Engy

Last Name

Medhat

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

Email

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-

Orcid

-

First Name

Shimaa

Last Name

Saad El-Din

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

Email

dr.shimaa.saad@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Marwa

Last Name

Abdel-Rahman

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Azza

Last Name

Ahmed

MiddleName

Abusree

Affiliation

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

14

Article Issue

2

Related Issue

35452

Issue Date

2022-12-01

Receive Date

2022-08-23

Publish Date

2022-10-22

Page Start

203

Page End

223

Print ISSN

2090-0767

Online ISSN

2090-083X

Link

https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/article_266863.html

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https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=266863

Order

20

Type

Original Article

Type Code

673

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology

Publication Link

https://eajbsc.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Combined Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and H2S Ameliorated the Neurodegenerative Changes in Parkinson’s Disease: Implication of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

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Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023