تدور مادة هذا البحث حول اتصال الکلام وانقطاعه في القرآن الکريم في تذييل جملة مقول القول، إن هذا البحث يعتمد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لدراسة هذه الجزئية من خلال دراسة السياق القرآني ومتشابه القرآن في طريقة تذييل جملة مقول القول، وما يترتب على ذلک من تغييرات نحوية ودلالية، ومفارقات نظمية، فحيثما کان للمتکلم جملتان انتفى التمام، ووجب اتصال الکلام، وحيثما کان للمتکلم جملة واحدة نُسبت إليه ووجب التمام واستُؤنفت جملة الحاکي بعده، فلو قلتُ مثلا: يقول الناس: إنَّ الظلمَ بؤسٌ وظلمُ النَّاس مرتعُه وخيمٌ، وسيرى الظالمون لمن تکون عاقبةُ الأمور. فإنَّ جملة (وسيرى الظالمون) تحتمل أن تکون من جملة المقول، فهي معطوفة على (إنَّ الظلمَ بؤسٌ) والکلام متصل والتمام منتف، ويحتمل أن تکون من تذييل الحاکي نفسه، استئناف جديد داعم لجملة کلام الناس المتقدم، ومؤکِّد له، ويکون التمام عند (مرتعُه وخيمٌ)، ومنه في القرآن قوله: ﭽ ﰃ ﰄ ﰅ ﰆ ﰇﰈ ﰉ ﰊ ﰋ ﰌ ﰍﰎ ﰏ ﰐ ﰑ ﰒ ﰓ ﰔ ﰕ ﭼ {آل عمران: ٣٧ }، فقوله: ﭽ ﰏ ﰐ ﰑ ﰒ ﰓ ﰔ ﰕﭼ يحتمل أن يکون من مقول مريم عليها السلام، تذييل لکلامها، ويحتمل أن يکون تذييلا من کلام الله تعالى، استئناف مؤکد لکلامها، والتمام قبله. فموضوع هذا البحث إذن يرتبط بالقضايا الثلاث الآتية:
(1) الاتصال والانقطاع والوقف والابتداء.
(2) محل الجمل وعدمه.
(3) نسبة الکلام لقائل دون آخر.
الکلمات المفتاحية: التمام/ الوقف/ الابتداء/ التذييل/ مقول القول
The potential multiplicity of complete direct-speech relatedness: A stylistic approach to comments complementary to direct speech
Ali Ramadan Al-Bayoumi
Assistant Professor, Grammar, Morphology and Presentation, Faculty of Dar Al Uloom, Fayoum University, Egypt.
Email: arb00@fayoum.edu.e
Abstract: This article examines (complete) relatedness and nonrelatedness of (direct) speech in the Qur'an when making comments complementary to direct speech. It employs the analytical descriptive method to explore this issue by investigating the Qur'an's contextual and ambiguous ways of making comments complementary to direct speech and the syntactic, semantic and paradoxical repercussions they precipitate. Whenever a speaker utters two (interrupted) sentences, complete relatedness is not achieved and the speech must be resumed. Whenever a speaker utters one sentence, it is ascribed to him, complete relatedness is achieved and the narratorial comment is resumed afterwards. For example, if you say: “People say: ‘Oppression is a calamity and injustice to people is its nidus and nest, and oppressors would see whom the (bad) consequences would befall.'", the utterance ‘oppressors would see' may be part of the direct speech, being coordinated to the utterance ‘Oppression is a calamity' and thus the speech is continued but the complete relatedness is not achieved. The same utterance may be a narratorial comment supporting and confirming the preceding direct speech of people, and thus completed relatedness ends with ‘its nidus and nest'. A similar case from the Qur'an reads: “Whenever Zachariah came in to (see) her in her sanctuary, he found provisions therein. He asked, ‘Mary, from where have you got such provisions?' She replied, ‘They are from God; God provides for whomever He will unexpectedly boundlessly.'" The direct speech ‘God provides for whomever He will unexpectedly boundlessly.' may be ascribed to Mary as a complementary speech or to God as a narratorial comment asserting her words, and the complete relatedness is achieved before that. The objective of this study is trifold:
(1) relatedness and nonrelatedness as well as pause and resumption;
(2) parsability and non-parsability of sentences; and
(3) ascription of speech to a speaker rather than another.
Key words: complete / endowment / initiation / appendix / sayings