Within the last three decades, environmental pollution has increased the interest of the researchers to find new health and hygiene-related products for mankind. In the textile industry, utilization of low-environmental impact technologies that based on sustainable biopolymers, presents a novel possible way for development of bioactive textiles on a large scale. The purpose of this review is to introduce a general overview on the role of proteinic biopolymers in development of textile industries. Unconventional nom-textile applications of these biopolymers are also outlined. The methods of extraction of proteinic biopolymers from their renewable natural resources were discussed to assign the proper method of extraction.