Anaerobic bacteria can either alone or in association with other microorganisms lead to various diseases such as oral infection; anaerobic bacteria do not perform oxidative phosphorylation. Air-tolerant organisms have only non-oxidative metabolism but are resistant to oxygen for reasons such as the presence of these enzymes. Clostridium difficile is caused by bacteremia. Recovery from the infections caused by anaerobic bacteria requires prompt and proper management and treatment. The isolation, identification, and eradication of anaerobic bacteria can become complicated, challenging, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. A few studies have addressed anaerobic bacterial associated-infections (ABAIs), but recently this idea has acquired attention in Iran. So, in this study, we reviewed various aspects of ABAIs addressed in Iran. Anaerobic bacteria can either alone or in association with other microorganisms lead to various diseases such as oral infections, C. difficile infection, and bacteremia. Recovery from the infections caused by anaerobic bacteria requires prompt and proper management and treatment. The isolation, identification, and eradication of anaerobic bacteria can become complicated, challenging, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. A few studies have addressed ABAIs, but recently this idea has acquired attention in Iran. So, in this study, we reviewed various aspects of ABAIs addressed in Iran.