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15892

Characterization and Management of Fungal Deterioration of Ancient Limestone at Different Sites Along Egypt

Article

Last updated: 22 Jan 2023

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Abstract

FUNGI play a very treacherous role in the biodeterioration of stone monuments, leading to their loss. In order to preserve these monuments, the incidence and the biodeterioration effect of fungi on ancient limestone monuments at different Egyptian sites were evaluated. Specimens as well as swabs were collected from different Egyptian sites including, Seti Ι tomb at Luxor, Senusret Ι obelisk of Al Mattaryia district, Giza pyramid complex and related tomb, storehouse of National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC), Mosque of Judge Abd El Basset (Gamaliya), Roman Amphitheatre of Alexandria and Ismailia Museum of Antiquities. Seti Ι tomb, Mosque of judge Abd El basset and Senusret Ι obelisk were the most sites occupied by fungi, while Giza pyramid complex and Museum of Ismailia Antiquities were the lowest ones. Aspergillus niger and A. terreus were the most common and dominant fungal deteriogens of all archaeological sites, followed by Cladosporium cladosporidis, C. hebarum and A. fumigatus. Cladosporium herbarum showed the highest stone dissolution value, 23.3%, followed by A. terreus and A. niger (21.7% and 20.7%, respectively). Stone cubes incubated for two months with C. herbarum showed different aspects of deterioration including discoloration, dark pigmentation, powdering and dissolution. Also compressive strength and stone porosity were reduced by 27.7% and 25.7%, respectively. Synthetic antimicrobials; PCMC, certrimonium and TEAB inhibited all stone colonizing fungal isolates at concentrations of 1.25g/L, 5g/L and 2.5g/L, respectively, while natural antimicrobials; cinnamon, thyme and clove oil inhibited fungal isolates at concentrations of 5g/L, 5g/L and 10g/L, respectively.

DOI

10.21608/ejm.2018.4735.1068

Keywords

Stone monuments, Fungal deterioration, Mineral dissolution, Simulation, antifungal activity

Authors

First Name

Samar

Last Name

Mohamed

MiddleName

S.

Affiliation

Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Email

samar_samer78@yahoo.com

City

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Orcid

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First Name

Soha

Last Name

Ibrahim

MiddleName

Eid

Affiliation

Center of Research and Conservation of Antiquities, Ministry of Antiquities, Cairo, Egypt

Email

taskspe@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

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Volume

53

Article Issue

1

Related Issue

4252

Issue Date

2018-12-01

Receive Date

2018-08-09

Publish Date

2018-12-01

Page Start

177

Page End

191

Print ISSN

0022-2704

Online ISSN

2357-0881

Link

https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15892.html

Detail API

https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=15892

Order

13

Type

Original Article

Type Code

121

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Microbiology

Publication Link

https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/

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Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023