The objectives of this work were to analyze the genetic systems controlling variation in some quantitative characters (plant height, number of branches/plant, green (immature) pod length, green pod width, number of dry pods/plant, weight of dry seeds/plant and Protein content) in six faba bean lines (Assiut 174, Golden, Assiut 99, Assiut 12 (Romy), Assiut 195 and Assiut 16) and their F₁'s which produced by diallel crossing system. Also, to determine the association between these characters and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as based similarity estimates. The results indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes in all the studied characters. Heterosis was present for all characters and both additive and non-additive gene effect were important in the control of these traits. Dominance played the major role in controlling the variation in most the studied traits whereas over-dominance effects were found for number of dry pods/plant, weight of dry seeds/plant and protein content (%). The range of Euclidean distance grouped the six lines into two main clusters, the first cluster contained one line and the other contained the other five lines. Five random primers were used for RAPD experiments that generated 77 fragments with 59 % polymorphism. The range of Nei and li similarity coefficients calculated for the RAPD experiments was 0.55-0.83. The dendrogram based on RAPD marker created two main groups, the first group contained two lines (Assiut 16 and Assiut 195) and the other sub-divided into three sub-clusters. The Euclidean distance based on morphological traits was not significantly correlated with the genetic distance based on RAPD markers