This work was carried out at Subbhia experimental station for sugar crops. The present investigation aims at inducing polyploidy in sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) and to investigate its agronomic traits. Colchicine was used to produce poly ploidy from three cultivars. These cultivars are (C9 G.T. 54-9, PH 8013 and NCO 310). Buds were treated with 0.05% colchicine solution. Treated segments were allowed to germinate until a shoot system length of 40 cm had reached. Plants were then transferred and allowed to grow in the yield. The growing plants were examined for polyploidy firstly by Guard cells of Stomata, Chloroplasts, DNA content in leaves, and chromosomes from adventitious roots initiated at the laboratory. Physico-chemical properties for chromatins and deproteinized DNA were estimated. Total soluble solids (T.S.S); plant height and plant diameter were estimated. The obtained results would be summarized as follows: The present studies aimed to produce polyploidy in cultivar C9. The obtained results showed that the average of polyploidy was found to be 9% for C9 and 4% for PH 8013.  Regarding chemical composition and melting temperatures of chromatins different ratios were obtained reflecting differential transcriptional activities. However, active and repressed fractions of chromatin were estimated. With respect to the evaluated agronomic characteristics different values were observed.