Background/Aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been reported to cause many extrahepatic complications including hematological complications such as anemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Interferon-based regimens were reported to induce high incidence of hematological side effects with eventual dose reduction in 40 % of patients with consequent 10-20% reductions in the virological responses achieved. We conducted this research to explore information about these hematological adverse effects related to hepatitis C virus infection in addition to those related to combined antiviral therapy.Methods: The current essay introduces formulation of problem, possible methods of interference to overcome it, via search on Medical database such as Pubmed, MD consult, Up to date and Medline for the period between 1999 and 2010. Summary: Among non cirrhotic INF naive chronic HCV, anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were reported in about 40-50 %, 13-17% and 5-9% respectively, while in those receiving antiviral therapy they were detected in about 39%, 10-15% and 8-24% respectively. Hematopoietic growth factors including recombinant erythropoietic growth factors (rHuEPO) and Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were generally well tolerated and may be useful for managing hematological side effects of anti-HCV therapy. However, their positive impact on SVR is not substantiated by studies to date. Conclusion: Hematological complications that occur with chronic HCV or with interferon based therapy are frequent. Careful monitoring of hematological indices in chronic HCV infection with identifying possible risk factors for the development of hematological complications is highly recommended.