Aim of work: To detect phenomenological gender differences in elderlypatients with depression for better understanding. In addition to illustrateneuro- psychological gender differences in elderly patients withdepression for better management. Subjects: A case/control,comparative study with consecutive sample. 80 elderly Egyptian subjectsof both sexes aged 60 years or above recruited from psychiatry outpatientclinic in Kasr Al Aini and Beni Suef hospitals with no obvious cognitiveimpairment or substance related psychiatric disorders. The subjects wereclassified into 2 groups (depressed patients and control groups) 40subjects each. The depressed patients were further classified into 20depressed males and 20 depressed females subgroups. Methods:Diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV TR, Symptom checklist, MMSE,GDS,WAIS and STAI were used.Results: Comparison between the depressed patients and the controlgroup revealed that the depressed group has affected cognitively than thecontrol group as assessed by MMSE and also showed deterioration ofintellectual abilities (deterioration index). Comparison between thedepressed males and females subgroups revealed that the characteristicsof the patients and correlates of depression are similar in both sexesexcept for some significant findings e.g, depression in elderly women ismore associated with widowhood, more suffering of sense ofworthlessness, more affection of attention and more disturbance inreasoning and costructional abilities. However elderly men reported moresexual dysfunction and significant negative correlation between memoryimpairment (MMSE) and the severity of depression (GDS). Conclusion:Depression in older patients is related to widowhood, presence of familyconflicts and positive past history of depression. There were no genderdifferences in elderly depressed patients except for that depression inelderly women is more associated with widowhood, sense ofworthlessness, more affection of attention and more disturbance inreasoning and costructional abilities, while elderly men reported moresexual dysfunction and significant negative correlation between memoryimpairment (MMSE) and the severity of depression (GDS).