Intervertebral disc degeneration may contribute to back pain through two mechanisms: -loss of disc structure and mechanical properties, and release of mediators that may sensitize nerve endings. The introduction and widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of back pain, there is still a diagnostic dilemma. Is a single “black disc” on MRI the source of pain? Which disc in the setting of multilevel disc degeneration is painful? We believe that discography may have a role in resolving this dilemma and however controversial, It is the only diagnostic modality that may provide a cause and effect relationship between degenerated disc and pain. Discogarphy has many advantages and disadvantages after compare it with the other methods of diagnosis. The complication of discography will be also discussed.