The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Papacarie in caries removal versus the Carisolv and the conventional method and to analyze the residual dentin surfaces and resin tag formation following caries removal by the three methods. Forty five extracted primary molars with an active carious lesion will be divided into three experimental groups. Group 1 was treated with low speed rotary instrument round bur #014, Group 2 was treated with Carisolv and Group 3 was treated with papacarie. All groups were verified as being caries free by conventional visual and tactile criteria. Immediately after treatment, the samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopic analysis for the assessment of the surface topography of the dentinal surfaces. For tags and microtags evaluation 5 molars of each group were restored with a composite resin restoration (Te-Econom, Ivoclar, Vivadent) and the samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopic examination of resin tags. The results showed that the time taken for caries removal using the Carisolv was the maximum followed by the Papacarie and that the rotary group showed the minimum time for caries removal. The scanning electron microscopic analysis of the dentinal substrate following caries removal using the Carisolv showed a rough, irregular dentinal surface with a flaky appearance with no evidence of smear layer. While the surfaces treated with the Papacarie exhibited two different patterns: a smooth, uniform dentinal surface with no apparent smear layer and a rough and irregular dentinal surface covered with a smear layer. The dentin-resin interface in the cavities prepared with the Carisolv revealed numerous resin tags with shallow resin infiltration and the hybrid layer was not clearly distinguishable. While, those treated with Papacarie revealed the presence of a clearly distinguishable, continuous hybrid layer and numerous resin tags with shallow resin infiltration.