-banding ligation is not only more efficient than injection sclerotherapy in controlling variceal bleeding, but also had lower failure rate and higher safety profile ( low rates of both major and minor complication ). also, both early and late rebleeding rates is low with ligation ( the latter was not significant ) .mortality was not different among both groups. early endoscopy that done once patients is resuscitated ( within 12 hours ), found to be associated with less morbidity ( low rate of hepato-renal syndrome and infection peritonitis) , and improved outcome of acute variceal bleeding episode ( lower mortality rate , less rebleeding , both early and late rebleeding ). also ,early endoscopy is associated with shortened hospitalization , which is reflected on the economic cost of acute bleeding episode. mortality has a non-significant low rate in ligation group, however it becomes significantly lower with early endoscopy. prognostic indicators of mortality is related to bleeding attack ( severity of bleeding , repeated bleeding episodes , dynamic instability , time from bleeding to admission , timing of endoscopic intervention , and early rebleeding ) , the severity of liver disease .