Rheumatic fever is a multifactorial condition polygenic andenvironmental). Dermatoglyphics is the study of the skin ridges presenton the digits, palms, toes and soles. Factors determining rheumatic feverin-utero may influence dermatoglyphic patterns. So the following studyhas been undertaken to detect the presence of correlation betweendermatoglyphics and rheumatic fever. This study done for RF and RHD patients attending RF clinic inAbou–Elreish hospital during the period between March 2006 – January2007. Dermatoglyphics comprising of ATD angle, finger print patternsof both hands and total ridge count of digits were studied on 200 patientsand 100 normal healthy children. Stamp pad ink smeared with black inkused for making finger and palm prints. In this study comparison betweenpatients and control group as regarding ATD angle revealed statisticallysignificant difference and also as regarding finger print patterns countsrevealed statistically significant difference of right thumb, left thumb, leftindex finger, left middle finger, left little finger. There was statisticallysignificant differences of finger print patterns of left index finger withdiagnosis and left little finger with sex. There was no statisticallysignificant differences as regarding TRC. Dermatoglyphic patterns can be used in identification of high riskchildren to RF and as a guide for further investigation of RF if suspected,also this study supports the hypothesis that certain individual have a genetic predisposition to RF