•This study was designed to identify the prevalence of colorectal polyps and CRC in the Egyptian population and whether there is a recent change in the prevalence or distribution of polyps through the colon. To fulfill the target of this thesis, the files of 2613 patients who underwent colonoscopy at Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit of the National Liver Institute during the period from 2006-2010.They were reviewed and their findings were plotted in data sheet for further study. •The incidence of colonic polyps among Egyptians is 9.6% with no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of colonic polyps between males and females.•The prevalence of colonic polyps among Egyptians increased significantly with the advance of age.• Adenomatous polyps are the commonest colorectal polyps as they were detected in (46.3 %) of cases with polyps. Malignant polyps represent have a big share about (17%).•The big number of cases with premalignant and malignant lesions in this study warrants the establishment of a screening program for early detection of the premalignant and/or early malignant lesions.