The study is review for thalassemia syndrome as it represents a very important genetic health proplem in Egypt. Conventional management of thalassemia syndrome this includes blood transfusion and iron chelation methods.also dicussing new trends in management of the disease which includes stem cell treansplantation via bone marrow transplantation or using peripheral blood. The study anso discussed methods of stimulation of HbF as a method of treatment of the disease and finally gene therapy as the most recent discussed management of the disease with its trials of application.