Bladder cancer ranked first most common cancer site among males and fifth among females in the National Cancer Institute, Egypt. This study was conducted at the NCI, Cairo University. It included two parts: part 1, a cross-sectional part including 223 patients. This part was conducted to figure out the characteristics of bladder cancer patients at the NCI, Cairo University and update the demographic and other risk factors of bladder cancer patients and compare it with the second part of the study conducted at the same institute to detect any change in pattern of bladder cancer. The second is a retrospective part which included 105 cases records from 1995 and 101 from year 2000. It was conducted in the biostatistics and cancer epidemiology unit. This part was conducted to examin pattern and changes in the epidemiology and pathology. The most important change was marked increase of TCC cases in comparison to SCC along the study years from year 1995 to year 2007. The significant risks were age of Patients with TCC were significantly older than those with SCC, females were more frequently affected by SCC compared to males who were affected more by TCC. Past history of bilharziasis was significantly more frequent in urinary bladder cancer patients with SCC. Smoking was far more frequent in patients with TCC, burning micturition and history of urinary tract stones were frequent findings in the two pathological types.