Background: Fungal infections are a common cause of morbidity andmortality among pediatric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.The incidence of severe fungal infections in immunocompromisedpatients has increased dramatically over the past 20 years. Between 20%to 40% of mycoses in patients with hematological malignancies aredisseminated and more than 70% of these are fatal. Candidiasis andAspergillosis are the most common fungal infection in patients receivingmyelosuppressive therapy and organ transplantation. Objective: The aim of the current study is to determine the relativefrequency of fungal infections in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy,especially those with hematological malignancies and to asses outcome offungal infection in these patients. Methods: During the period (June 2007 until December 2008), 115pediatric patients of hematological and solid tumors receivedchemotherapy had fungal infection. Methods for diagnosis are CT, bloodcultures, galactomannan antigen detection test and tissue pathology.Patients received antifungal according to our protocol of fever andneutropenia. Follow up of these cases to asses response to treatment doneby CT and blood cultures.Results: Out of 427 cases diagnosed as acute leukemia (lymphatic andmyeloid) received chemotherapy, 112 cases (26.2%) had fungal infection.57/112(49.6%) were ALL patients while 55/112(47.8%) were AMLpatients.