Rheumatic fever (RF) is an illness that occurs as a complication of untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal throat infection. Diagnosis depends on modified Jones criteria. This study included 64 patients with RF admitted to Cairo university pediatric hospital from April 2006 to march 2007 they were undergone analytical study. Male to female ratio was 1 (32 patients for each. Their ages ranged between 4 and 14 years with a mean of 9.78+2.89 years.57.8% were from rural areas. History of previous attack of RF was found in 37.5%.