Acute oncological emergencies can be defined as complications of cancer or its treatment that threaten death or irreversible disability if appropriate management is delayed. This study is aiming to remember the management considerations in oncological emergencies which are commonly encountered problems in the practice of medicine, for both the general internist & the medical oncologist which are involving the whole body vital systems.The current study will review in details the structural & metabolic emergencies faced by patients with neoplastic disease. Attention will be focused on the differential diagnosis among underlying malignancy, complications of treatment, the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and therapy for each condition.