Background: febrile neutropenia (FN) is considered a medical emergency and remains amajor cause of morbidity and mortality in oncology and hematology units worldwide.Objective: to evaluate causes, presentations, treatment and outcome of febrile neutropenicepisodes in patients admitted at hematology department in New children Hospital, Cairouniversity.Patients and Methods: we studied files of 53 patient admissions at the hematologydepartment with the diagnosis of febrile neutropenia from January 1, 2012 till December31, 2012. Data retrieved included age, gender, presenting symptoms and signs as well asdiagnostic investigations(laboratory and imaging)and treatments implemented. Inhospitalmortality was evaluated.Results: mean age of the studied group was 8.23±3.6 years. Diagnosis was aplasticanemia in all cases. According to ANC; 33 patients (62.3%) were considered as a verysevere neutropenia, 15 patients (28.3%) had severe neutropenia, 2 patients (3.8%) hadmoderate neutropenia while 3 patients (5.7%) had mild neutropenia. Blood cultures wereavailable in 26 cases (49.1%) with no growth in 22 cases (41.5%). As regardsmanagement: among all studied cases, 37 cases (69.8%) were kept on only one antibioticwhile 16 cases (30.2%) needed to shift to more than one antibiotic during their hospitalstay. The most commonly used antibiotic was amikacin (75.5%) followed byampicillin/sulbactam (43.4%) and ceftizidime (30.2%). Antifungal therapy was given to 9cases (17%). Duration till response and hospital stay duration were longer in the caseswho received antifungal therapy compared to those who didn’t receive it (P<0.001).Adjunctive therapy in form of G-CSF was used in 28 cases (52.8%). There was nosignificant difference between patients who received adjunctive therapy and those whodidn’t as regards severity of neutropenia, the day of response or hospital stay duration.Two patients (3.8%) died during hospitalization.Conclusion:All studied febrile neutropenics are cases of aplastic anemia and their vastmajority suffered from severe and very severe forms. Clinically, only a quarter of caseadmissions presented with an identifiable focus for infection. More than two thirds ofcases responded to first line anti microbial therapy. Around fifth of patients required theaddition of antifungal medications with a significantly longer hospital stay. The medianduation of admission was one week.