Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the commonest forms of epilepsy. Objective: It was to identify cognitive disabilities especially in memory domain in TLE patients and to find out the disease and treatment characteristics that might influence these disabilities. Subjects: This study was conducted on 24 newly diagnosed untreated TLE patients, 25 treated TLE patients and 25 healthy control subjects. Methods: All patients were assessed using clinical evaluation, electroencephalography (EEG), MRI brain; P300 event related potential and Wechsler memory scale (WMS). Results: P300 latency was significantly more delayed and WM total score was significantly decreased in the patients group (untreated and treated) compared to the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in P300 latency, P300 amplitude and Wechsler memory (WM) total score between untreated and treated groups. Female gender and the occurrence of secondary generalization were both associated with poor performance of the patients during the assessment of cognitive functions. Age at onset was significantly negatively correlated with P300 latency, while it was significantly positively correlated with WM total scores in the patients group (untreated and treated). Duration and dose of CBZ were significantly negatively correlated with P300 latency, amplitude, and WM total score. Conclusion: There was significantly poorer performance by TLE patients (treated and untreated) compared to controls. Female gender, the occurrence of secondary generalization and early age at onset were all associated with poor performance of the patients during the assessment of memory function and P300 event related potential.