Background: Chromoendoscopy, or Chromoscopy, refers to the topical application of stains or dye at the time of endoscopy in an effort to enhance tissue characterization, differentiation, or diagnosis. The continued rise in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus has fueled resurgent interest in the use of a variety of endoscopic and nonendoscopic techniques to improve the diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus and associated dysplasia/cancer. Objective: To use chromoendoscopy & NBI for the characterization and the classification of the mucosal morphology in nondysplastic BE and in BE with HGIN& to discriminate neoplastic from non-neoplastic polyps at screening sigmoidoscopy will obviate the need for histologic diagnosis and could have the potential for great cost saving. Design: Descriptive study. Patients& methods: We used chromoendoscopy & NBI to image and biopsy randomly selected areas in 80 patients with BE & in patients with colonic polyps. Results: Our study have shown a high significant benefit of MB chromoendoscopy over SD-WLE in identification of both intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (P-value < 0.0001). The study have shown also a significant benefit of N.B.I over SD-WLE in identification of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (P-value 0.002) & There is a statistically significant difference in polyp histology prediction by using NBI or indigocarmine chromoendoscopy over SD-WL colonoscopy for both adenomatous & hyperplastic polyps (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Indigocarmine chromoendoscopy had the highest sensitivity, specificity& accuracy in predicting adenomas in real time during colonoscopy using a Kudo pit pattern classification & the use of MB chromoendoscopy& NBI resulted in the diagnosis of more neoplastic areas than with SD-WLE, with NBI had the highest sensitivity& MB chromoendoscopy had the highest specificity& accuracy in predicting dysplasia.