HCV disease is a major health problem of Egypt with aprevalence of 10- 18%. A case control study was carried outamong attendants of Theodor Bilharz Research Institute toclarify the role of risk factors (RF) in the spread of hepatitis Cvirus (HCV) infection. All subjects were contacted byinterviewer, that completed a questionnaire. Their sera werecollected and tested for HCV antibodies. (100) subjects,positive for anti-HCV (cases) were compared with (150)controls that tested negative for anti-HCV, Gender and agewere matched. The risk factors were statistically compared byunivariate and multivariate analysis. The study provedsignificant difference and risk of infection of the followingvariables: residence, education, occupation, socioeconomicscore, contact with canal water, Bilharzial infection, tartaremetic injection, hospital admission, department of admission,blood and blood product transfusion and their places,veinsection and its place, dental management and its place,family hepatitis and the diseased member, sharing equipmentand its place, circumcision and its place, sewage disposal andsource of water.