In our study, we aimed at evaluating the clinical significance of localization of HBV DNA in liver. PCR test was performed for HBV DNA in both serum and liver. It was evaluated in relation to the clinical, serological and histological parameters. HBV constituted 6.6% among chronic liver diseases, 78.8% were HBeAg negative. We discovered a new category of patients constituted 30.3% characterized by negative viraemia and positive HBV DNA in liver. We suggested to name it "Hepatitis B In Situ" and we recommend such patients to be treated.