Peripheral nerve injury can be occurred during general or regional anesthesia. During general anesthesia positioning of the patient is very important as it may cause peripheral nerve injury, so care should be taken during patient positioning to avoid different nerve injury. Brachial plexus, ulnar, and radial nerve injuries are the most common nerve injuries that may occur in the upper extremity while common peroneal and sciatic nerve injuries also occur in different positions like lithotomy position and lateral decubitus position. In regional anesthesia the peripheral nerve injury may be due to direct needle trauma to the nerve or false technique. Peripheral nerve injury varies from light paresthesia to more severe sensory disturbances. This peripheral nerve injury often has been considered to be preventable.