This work aimed to study the prevalence of abnormal cervicovaginal smears in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to correlate abnormal smear findings with exposure to intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy, different clinical and laboratory parameters in SLE patients. Thirty patients with SLE, fulfilling the 1997 revised criteria for the classification of SLE (Hochberg, 1997) were included in this study. They were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigations as well as cervicovaginal smearing. Twenty healthy subjects not known to suffer from any rheumatological disease were used as controls, and they were subjected to cervicovaginal smearing. Abnormal cervicovaginal smears were significantly found in SLE patients in relation to controls, especially SLE patients with previous exposure to intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy.