Objective: To determine the pattern of skin diseases among preschool and primary school children in Damietta Hospital for Dermatology and Venerology. The influence of socioeconomic status and hygiene behavior was assessed. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on pediatric patients attending the outpatient clinics of Damietta Hospital for Dermatology and Venerology in the period from January, 2009 to December, 2009. The diagnoses were based on clinical dermatological examination, laboratory investigations and biopsy specimen only if necessary. Skin diseases data from a total of 4000 pediatric patients of both sexes (52.4% females &47.6%male) with ages ranging from newborn to 12 years were analyzed according to age, sex, etc. The patients were grouped into three categories: infants (0-2years), preschool children (>2-6 years old) and school children (>6–12 years old). Results: Thirteen percent (13.5%) of the patients had two diagnoses and one percent (1.3%) of the patient had three diagnoses. The most frequent infectious skin disease was impetigo (13.67%), followed by chicken pox (9.12%), tinea capitis (7.67%), furunculosis (6.34%), tinea corporis (4.60%), pediculosis capitis (3.70%), wart (2.95%), scabies (2.82%), pityriasis versicolor (2.15%) and candidiasis (1.37%). The most frequent non-infectious skin disease was papular urticaria (17.25%), followed by atopic dermatitis (5.22%), miliaria rubra (4.55%), napkin dermatitis (4.07%), contact dermatitis (3.75%), pityriasis alba (2.82%), cradle cap (1.85%), pityriasis rosea (1.65%), alopecia areata (1.35%) and urticaria (1.15%). Conclusion: Infectious skin diseases represent a large proportion of the analyzed cases, probably reflecting the low socioeconomic level of the patients in this study. Of the infectious skin diseases impetigo was the most frequent and followed by chicken pox and tinea capitis. Of the non-infectious skin diseases, papular urticaria was the most frequent. The results of this study suggest recommendations to decrease frequency of skin diseases in this community.