Introduction: Anemia of chronic renal failure is multifactorial with erythropoiesis inhibition playing a significant role. The concentration of the transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a useful measure of the erythroid marrow and thereby assists clinically in categorizing the type of anemia. Serum stem cell factor (SCF) concentration increases according to the level of renal anemia and induces erythropoiesis. Methods: This study included 39 patients divided into; group 1: renal impairment patients not on dialysis, group 2: hemodialysis patients, group 3: transplantation patients (subdivided into 3A after 1 week and 3B after 1 month) and group 4: normal subjects. Exclusion criteria include conditions affecting the iron state as: hemorrhage, EPO and iron therapy. History & examination with complete laboratory work up including SCF & sTfR by ELISA were done to all study patients.Results: Statistical significant difference of SCF and sTfR was found in comparing the different studied groups with the control (p<0.001). Serum TfR had a positive correlation with hemoglobin in group 2 patients (r=0.261), in group 3A (r=0.291) with an inverse correlation in patients with group 1 (r= -0.619) and in group 3B (r= -0.21). A positive correlation was found between sTfR and serum ferritin in group 1 patients (r=0.231), in group 2 (r=0.404), both groups 3A & 3B (r=0.007 and r=0.145 respectively). Conclusion: The s-TfR is an important tool in early diagnosis of renal anemia. The level of SCF was elevated in patients with renal anemia, which points a role in erythropoeisis.