Transferrin, transport iron into the cell. It is a single chain glycoprotein present in the plasma and extra-vascular space. The uptake of iron from transferrin requires its attachment to specific receptor sites on the cell surface. Transferrin and transferrin receptor genes present on chromosome No (3).Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by dietary deviation of iron or by iron malabsorption, importantly it may be the first clinical sign of increased blood loss. Unexplained iron deficiency anemia warrant extensive investigation of gastrointestinal tract, since the probability of ulcers or malignant tumors as the cause of blood loss is relatively high , using tests distinguishing between iron deficiency anemia and anemia that accompanies infection, inflammation or malignacy is difficult, as the commonly used laboratory parameters do not necessarily distinguish between these common causes of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is often associated with inflammatory disorders. The most conventional parameters of iron metabolism are therefore affected, making the evaluation of iron status difficult, serum transferrin receptor level are raised in iron deficiency but are not influenced by inflammatory changes.The serum transferrin receptor level has been introduced as a promising new tool for the diagnosis of iron depletion as the serum iron, transferrin / total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and ferritin are considered influenced by acute phase response which complicates the clinical interpretation of the test result. Plasma transferrin receptor helps to predict anemia of chronic diseases.