This assay tackles the subject of polycystic ovarian disease one of the commonest reproductive endocrinopathies, with special emphasis on the genetic background. A review on it pathogenesis demonstrated multifactorial nature of the disease. A display of the normal ovarian functioning was presented. It was shown how does genetic aberrations played an important role in its occurrence with identification of some responsible genes. A demonstration of the most recent maneuvers for its treatment was presented.