Evidence showed that Egypt has risk determinants that play a crucial role in the persistence of communicable diseases. The objectives of the present study are to explore the current medical education strategy covering the topic of communicable diseases' prevention and control regarding the contents and education methodology and to identify the MOHP communicable diseases' prevention and control system: political, institutional, manpower capacity building process and surveillance system at the central and district levels. The present study is a health system research study that focused on situation analysis for the policies and strategies related to prevention and control of communicable diseases in Egypt at education and implementation levels. A questionnaire sheet was designed interviewing Giza and Cairo health districts' staff about prevention and control of communicable diseases. Also in-depth interviews were done for the staff of community medicine department in faculty of Medicine-Cairo University and staff of ministry of health and population (MOHP)-Head Quarter. The findings of the study revealed that the medical schools' curricula include 118 communicable diseases with well-defined challenges in the process of education and in the field training as well as knowledge gaps between medical schools and MOHP. At the same time MOHP has limitations regarding cooperation with medical schools for capacity building of physicians and sanitarians. The study recommends regular revision and updating of community medicine curricula regarding prevention and control of communicable diseases and developing National Committee for continuous reviewing and updating of the guidelines for prevention and control of communicable diseases in MOHP. It also recommends periodic evaluation of the performance of MOHP-CDC (including ESU) staff at the district level.