Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. It affects more than 30 percent of the world’s population. The objective of this study is to determine the most frequent gastrointestinal lesions in Egyptians with iron deficieny anemia (IDA) and to evaluate the value of the clinical history in diagnosis of such cases. Forty patients with IDA, as diagnosed by low hemoglobin, microcytosis, low iron, high total iron binding capacity and low ferritin level, was subjected to thorough history taking and clinical examination.They were prospectively investigated using esophagogastro-duodenoscopy and colonoscopy. lesions that cause chronic bleeding were more frequently located in the upper digestive tract than in the colon. There was a high prevalence of neoplasms in patients with IDA. Significant number of the patients with a potentially bleeding benign lesion in the upper digestive tract had another lesion in the colon. Clinical history was of limited value in predicting the location of a bleeding lesion, These patients need a complete study of both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract.