One of the basic steps of the infertility workup is to assess the shape and regularity of the uterine cavity.The HSG has been the most commonly used test for this purpose.During the last two decades ,several studies have demonstrated that when the uterine cavity has to be investigated within the infertilityworkup, hysteroscopy is much more accurate than HSG. This study was conducted on 100 females who attended the outpatient clinic Cairo University hospital.Its objective was to assess the role of hysteroscopy in investigation of infertile women.The study was designed to assess the role of hysteroscopy in determining the uterine cavity abnormalities that were missed during routine investigation of infertility. The study revealed presence of intrauterine polyps, submucous fibroids, intrauterine adhesions and septate uterus that were missed by standard investigation. These lesions can be treated during hysteroscopy and their treatment may lead to successful conception as reported by some authors.