Limbal stem-cell deficiency can be congenital or acquired; it can also be partial or total. Treatment options include: conjunctival-limbal autografts, keratolimbal lamellar allograft, and living-related conjunctival-limbal allografts. A novel method of transplanting limbal stem cells is via ex-vivo expansion of limbal stem cells; with the advantages of: a smaller limbal biopsy, reduced risk of precipitating stem cell failure in the donor eye, and allowing the option of taking a further biopsy if required.