Congenital malformations are abnormalities that develop during the intra- uterine life and are present at birth. The usual period of their occurrence is two weeks after conception. They are classified into major and minor anomalies.The incidence of major congenital malformations is 1.3 - 4.5% among live births alone. If we additionally consider stillborn infants with a body weight greater than 1000 gm, the incidence of fetal anomalies increases by a factor of 2 to 3 .Fetal anomalies are a major contributing factor to prenatal morbidity and mortality. Ultrasonography has become the principle means by which fetal well-being is monitored and deviant growth is detected.The development of transvaginal and three-dimensional ultrasonography provide a novel means for visualization of surface anatomical structures and detailed examination of the embryo and early fetus.Doppler ultrasound, by virtue of its ability to detect and quantify blood flow, offers the potential to study functional and hence physiological changes.Familiarity with the normal ultrasound appearance of the fetal brain- in different planes and at different gestational ages- is critical for the recognition of congenital anomalies.