It is inevitable that degenerative structural changes develop within motion spinal segment as people age. Seventy to eighty percent of individual experiences a significant episode of acute low back pain at some point of their lives. The non-surgical approach is considered the cornerstone for treatment of disc degeneration & herniation. The indication for surgery is the presence of severe incapacitating pain or failure of conservative treatment. The gold standard for the treatment of sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus is the hemilaminotomy & discectomy with the use of loope magnification or operating microscope, in which about 85% good to excellent results can be expected. After disc excision, pain may supersede in at least one third of patients to a significant degree some years after, due to lumbar instability. Arthodesis of lumbosacral spine although satisfactory for most of the patients, has long-term sequelae in 30% of patients. One of the difficulties of spinal fusion is the number of levels that may require arthodesis. Patients who present with sign of instability often have associated adjacent levels that are already degenerative, although they may not seem part of the instability and pain complex. Through over viewing the anatomy of the motion segment, healthy disc, aging disc and end plate together with understanding the biomechanics of the motion segment would give a clear idea of the motion segment failure and the need for restoring the stability of this motion segment. Physiology of low back pain is the key to correlate disc degeneration to signs and symptoms of instability, which would be detected by scanning the lumbar spine with evidence of instability (Disc degeneration, Modic changes, High intensity zone….)In the presence of multiple degenerative levels the need to determine the intervertebral disc that is responsible for pain production is crucial to point which level to deal with using a prosthetic device, this can only be checked by discography or CT discography. An underlying tenet of design in the biologic realm is that the optimal design of the prosthetic device reproduces exactly the healthy, intact biologic situation in every case (geometric, kinetic). Specifications, approaches and models of the preclinical trial design of vertebral disc prosthesis, prosthetic disc nucleus (PDN) and total disc replacement (prodisc), have been listed and evaluated on the basis of some of the pretrial experimental data and experimental implantation in human under specific protocol either selection of patients, approach, number of levels and follow up procedure.