Bone marrow failure can be inherited or acquired. Bone marrow failure resulting in failure to produce 1, 2, or all 3 cell lines of the blood results in increased morbidity and mortality of the patients involved. Fanconi anemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer susceptibility. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) candidates are patients who are younger than 55 years who have severe disease and a matched related donor.